What is potentiation toxicology?
Potentiation – This effect results when one substance that does not normally have a toxic effect is added to another chemical, making the second chemical much more toxic; for example: 0 + 2 > 2, not just 2. Antagonism – Antagonism is the opposite of synergism.
What is potentiation drug effect?
Potentiation is an interaction between two or more drugs or agents resulting in a pharmacologic response greater than the sum of individual responses to each drug or agent, e.g. combination of sedative drugs with alcohol.
What are the types of interaction in toxicology?
Chemical Reactions Some of these chemicals are natural, while some are human-made. When there is a reaction in nature, and it produces a toxic effect, we can put that reaction into one of four categories: additive, synergistic, antagonistic, and potentiating.
What is the difference between synergism and potentiation?
Synergism: when the combine effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their effects when given separately. Potentiation: when one drug does not elicit a response on its own but enhances the response to another drug.
What is potentiation example?
When the combined effect of two different drugs exceeds the expected additive effect of each of the drugs administered independently, one drug is said to potentiate the other. For example diazepam may potentiate the effect of alcohol.
What is an example of potentiation?
What does potentiate mean in medicine?
Listen to pronunciation. (poh-TEN-shee-AY-shun) In medicine, the effect of increasing the potency or effectiveness of a drug or other treatment.
What is an example of synergism?
Synergism is when you get a greater effect by combining two or more organisms or components together than you would get by adding the effects of each. For example, a very famous synergy in nature example is that of the sea anemone and a clownfish.
What is potentiation psychology?
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons. It is an important process in the context of synaptic plasticity. LTP recording is widely recognized as a cellular model for the study of memory.
Which is an example of misuse of a medicine?
An example of drug misuse is when a person who can’t fall asleep after taking a single sleeping pill takes another pill an hour later hoping that “it’ll do the job.” However, it’s drug abuse when a person consumes sleeping pills to manage their moods or acquire a “buzz,” or — in worst-case scenarios — to commit suicide …
What is an adverse drug reaction Give 2 3 examples?
Examples of such adverse drug reactions include rashes, jaundice, anemia, a decrease in the white blood cell count, kidney damage, and nerve injury that may impair vision or hearing. These reactions tend to be more serious but typically occur in a very small number of people.
What is potentiation in toxicology?
Potentiation in toxicology is used to describe the situation in which the toxicity of a chemical substance on an organ is markedly increased by another chemical substance that alone has no toxic effect on that organ.
What is an example of antagonism in toxicology?
Antagonism Antagonism is often a desirable effect in toxicology and is the basis for most antidotes. Examples include: Potentiation Potentiation occurs when a chemical that does not have a specific toxic effect makes another chemical more toxic.
What is an example of toxicology?
The Field of Toxicology Toxicology addresses a variety of questions. For example, in agriculture, toxicology determines the possible health effects from exposure to pesticides or herbicides, or the effect of animal feed additives, such as growth factors, on people.
What are the different types of toxicological tests done on animals?
Here is a list of toxicological tests done on animals: 1. Behavioural Responses (Tests)2. Analytic Tests 3. Functional Tests 4. Potentiation and Synergism 5. Pathological and Histological Examinations 6. Other Toxicity Tests.