What is wormhole attack in Manet?

Due to their distributed nature, MANET is vulnerable to a specific routing misbehavior, called wormhole attack. In a wormhole attack, one malicious node tunnels packets from its location to the other malicious node. Such wormhole attacks result in a false route with fewer hop count.

How do you detect a wormhole attack?

Since wormhole attacks are passive in nature, the algorithm uses a hop counting technique as a probe procedure, reconstructs local maps for each node, and then uses a “diameter” feature to detect abnormalities caused by wormholes.

What is GREY hole attack?

A gray-hole attack is extension of black-hole attack used to bluff the source and monitoring system by partial forwarding. Here, attackers uses selective data packet dropping method to behave as genuine node and try to participate into full communication.

What is black-hole attack?

Black-hole attacks occur when a router deletes all messages it is supposed to forward. From time to time, a router is misconfigured to offer a zero-cost route to every destination in the Internet. This causes all traffic to be sent to this router. Since no device can sustain such a load, the router fails.

What is a sinkhole attack?

Sinkhole attack is a type of attack were compromised node tries to attract network traffic by advertise its fake routing update. One of the impacts of sinkhole attack is that, it can be used to launch other attacks like selective forwarding attack, acknowledge spoofing attack and drops or altered routing information.

What is black hole attack in WSN?

Black hole attack is occurs, when an intermediary captures and re-programs a set of nodes in the network to block/drop the packets and generates false messages instead of forwarding correct/true information towards the base station in wireless sensor network.

What is Blackhole in cybersecurity?

In networking, a black hole refers to a place in the network where incoming or outgoing traffic is silently discarded (or “dropped”), without informing the source that the data did not reach its intended recipient.

What is Sybil attack in Blockchain?

A Sybil attack is one where an attacker pretends to be so many people at the same time. It is one of the biggest issues when connecting to a P2P network. It manipulates the network and controls the whole network by creating multiple fake identities.

What is an a wormhole attack [21]?

A wormhole attack [21], as already known from MANETs, is generally performed by two or more compromised nodes which involve themselves in as many routes as possible by advertising they know the shortest path to any destination.

How does a wormhole attack work?

In a wormhole attack, two conniving sensor nodes tunnel control and data packets between each other, with the intention of creating a shortcut in the WSN. Such a low-latency tunnel between the two conniving nodes will likely increase the probability of its being selected as an active path.

Can packet leashes help detect and defend against wormhole attacks?

The authors of [34] propose using packet leashes to detect and defend against wormhole attacks. The authors present two types of packet leashes: geographic and temporal. Both leashes allow the receiver of a packet to detect if that packet traveled farther than the leash allows.

What is the origin of the term wormhole?

American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler (inspired by Weyl’s work) coined the term “wormhole” in a 1957 paper co-authored by Charles Misner: