What is cardiolipin in mitochondria?

Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique phospholipid which is localized and synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It is now widely accepted that CL plays a central role in many reactions and processes involved in mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Where is cardiolipin found in mitochondria?

inner membrane
The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark lipid of mitochondria and almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes (Pangborn, 1945). CL is predominantly located in the inner membrane and associated to many mitochondrial functions (see below).

What is the role of cardiolipin?

Cardiolipin plays an important role in regulating various kinds of mitochondrial proteins such as electron transport complexes, carrier proteins and phosphate kinases, and is also essential for the organization of particular mitochondrial structures such as cristae and contact sites.

What is cardiolipin made of?

Cardiolipin contains two phosphatidic acid groups linked by a glycerol with the majority of cardiolipin species containing four linoleic acid groups (C18:2). The four C18:2 acyls are essential for normal cardiolipin function in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Sparagna and Lesnefsky, 2009).

What is cardiolipin IgM?

A cardiolipin antibodies test looks for a certain kind of antibody in your blood. The antibodies are IgG (immunoglobulin G), IgA (immunoglobulin A), and IgM (immunoglobulin M). They are antibodies that form in response to cardiolipins. Cardiolipin is a phospholipid, or a kind of fat in the blood.

Where is phosphatidylinositol found?

Phosphatidylinositol is especially abundant in brain tissue, where it can amount to 10% of the phospholipids, but it is present in all tissues, cell types and membranes at relatively low levels in comparison to many other phospholipids.

Is cardiolipin a lipoprotein?

Cardiolipin is an acidic lipoprotein that is abundant in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is required for normal respiratory chain enzyme activity.

What is bacterial cardiolipin?

Cardiolipin is a non-bilayer anionic phospholipid found in bacterial inner membrane. It forms lipid microdomains located at the cell poles and division plane.

What causes cardiolipin antibodies?

Cardiolipin antibodies are autoantibodies produced by the immune system that mistakenly target the body’s own cardiolipins, substances found in the outermost layer of cells (cell membranes) and platelets. These autoantibodies can affect the body’s ability to regulate blood clotting in a way that is not well understood.

What is another name for cardiolipin?

1. Structure and Composition. Cardiolipin is the trivial but universally used name for a lipid that might be better termed ‘diphosphatidylglycerol’ or more precisely 1,3‑bis(sn‑3′-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol.

Where is phospholipid cardiolipin found in mitochondria?

The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is a hallmark lipid of mitochondria and almost exclusively found in mitochondrial membranes (Pangborn, 1945). CL is predominantly located in the inner membrane and associated to many mitochondrial functions (see below).

Is cardiolipin a basis for mitochondrial membrane fission?

Cardiolipin’s propensity for phase transition and its reorganization by dynamin-related protein 1 form a basis for mitochondrial membrane fission. Mol. Biol. Cell 26, 3104–3116. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E15-06-0330 Steward, C. G., Newbury Ecob, R. A., Hastings, R., Smithson, S. F., Tsai Goodman, B., Quarrell, O. W., et al. (2010).

What is the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL)?

The phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is an essential constituent of mitochondrial membranes and plays a role in many mitochondrial processes, including respiration and energy conversion.

What is the role of cardiolipin in mitophagy?

Shen, Z., Li, Y., Gasparski, A. N., Abeliovich, H., and Greenberg, M. L. (2017). Cardiolipin regulates mitophagy through the Protein Kinase C pathway.